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Kosovo war not justified, prof. argues in new book

By Justyn Dillingham

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Published: Monday, September 21, 2009

Updated: Monday, September 21, 2009

For most UA students today, the 1999 Kosovo War may be a distant memory. For David N. Gibbs, it’s all too relevant.

Gibbs, an associate professor of history and political science, has published a new book, “First Do No Wrong: Humanitarian Intervention and the Destruction of Yugoslavia,” which contends that the United States’ intervention into the Balkan wars of the 1990s was not only wrong, but actually made the situation worse.

For Gibbs, President Bill Clinton’s decision to intervene in Kosovo marked the beginning of a new era of “humanitarian intervention,” supported by leftists and conservatives alike.

Gibbs cites President George W. Bush’s decision to invade Iraq and President Barack Obama’s commitment to “winning the war” in Afghanistan as a continuation of that trend.

“To the political left, intervention had been seen as a predatory activity,” Gibbs said. That changed, he said, with the interventions of the 1990s, beginning with the 1991 Persian Gulf War and continuing under the Clinton administration. He found himself at odds with liberal friends who argued that military action was sometimes necessary to prevent genocide or liberate countries from dictatorships.

“A large number of people I know advocated more intervention,” Gibbs said. “They dropped their anti-militarism. Increasingly, you had liberals and even socialists supporting neoconservatives like (former U.S. deputy secretary of defense) Paul Wolfowitz.”

Gibbs said he found these pro-intervention arguments “naïve and misguided.” He contends in his book that the real motivation for intervention into the Kosovo conflict lay in the U.S. government’s wish to strengthen its sway over international affairs in the face of an “independent” European Union. He also argues that “a certain sense of regret” at the passing of the Cold War, and a desire to create new enemies to take the place of the Soviet threat, lay behind the intervention.

American foreign policy is “a self-sustaining machine,” Gibbs said. “Many liberal intellectuals foolishly sign up for the enterprise of justifying it.”

Gibbs describes himself as “a man of the left,” but his argument has found favor with many conservatives “despite this unfortunate deficiency,” as he jokingly put it. His book has received positive reviews in the right-leaning Washington Times from a former Reagan administration official, and from the World Socialist Web site.

Gibbs spent ten years working on the book, which marked a new direction for him after his first book, about the Congo crisis of the 1960s.

“It was a totally new field for me,” Gibbs said. “I was trying to gain an understanding of the basic change that had occurred with the end of the Cold War.

“I was trained as a political scientist during the Cold War. It took a while for me and others to get a handle on that.”

Despite his disdain for most military interventions, Gibbs is careful to disassociate himself from paleoconservatives like Pat Buchanan, who has gone so far as to allege that America’s entrance into World War II was unnecessary. Gibbs said he thinks that some of America’s past wars, such as World War II and the Civil War, have been justified.

He also said he “probably would not have opposed intervention” to stop the Rwanda genocide in 1994. But he added that even justified wars create a dangerous precedent.
“Each intervention increases the likelihood of further intervention,” Gibbs said.

Comments

42 comments
Albanian "Roofer"
Thu Sep 24 2009 01:26
Professor Gibbs has done a great job. He has obviously touched an issue that is a very significant interest.

Based on all the comments, it is apparent that propaganda and bulls@#$ is all Kosovo is based from. The Serbophobes and Albanophiles cling to it and, for the Serbs and Serbophiles, that propaganda and bull@#$% is a sore point.

Just what is America's reward for Kosovo other than debt? Why did America aid the most unstable and unable people in the Balkans? Was it Monica or the Albanian Mob (terrorist network) in New York? It seems that neither Serbia or Albania any more stable as a result, albeit Albania may have closed their guerilla training camps.

How is it that Kosovo is a success when there were under 100,000 refugees before NATO's now over 300,000 minority refugees to this date? Please note that Albanians don't count minorities as people - look at what they did to South Mitrovica with the Roma. How is it that a Kosovo minus over half of it's minorities is success?

I hope that Professor Gibbs sheds some light on these questions, because there has to be an answer to something that, by the numbers, seems to be nothing less than failure. I'm buying the book.

Adam
Wed Sep 23 2009 22:59
@ N. Jovanovic

why on earth would you be upset at... let alone call me an idiot for the statement i made "....every single Serb civilian and politician embraces what was created by sloban milosovic."

I did not speak of any attrocities. But Politics. Kosovo in Serbia's constitution is as milosovic authored it. where is the error in that statement? That you go so far as to call me an idiot. Surely you have something of intellegence to argue it. You can make a feeble attempt to take out of context the politics i was speaking of, or pretend to have misunderstood... but i was very clear.

It seems YOU as a serb apologist...and indeed you are. Are Unable and Unwilling to distinguish betwwen Milosovics political actions with the orders given for the violent actions committed after the fact. indeed you can poo-poo and condemn milosovic for the resulting violence all you wish to clear your conscience. But serbia and serbs were not helpless before milosovics politics. They had a choice. and the Chose to support it. If you say serbs were shocked and horrified to see the violent lengths in wich he was willing to go, thats fine. But it is an entirely different point. Condemning the Violence Milsovic perpetrated to enact his Illegal political changes.... Does NOT change the fact Serbs ALL supported his politics. Are you so dull of mind that you are not able to understand that?

Rather than admit that Milosovic's politcs were bad, and Serbs were at fault for supporting it, you seem to beleive that Saying Milosovics Violence was bad and serbs didnt want the violence... that is not an argument for the point at hand. You are doing your best to avoid laying responsiblity for what precipitated yugoslavias break up on serbia's shoulders where it belongs.

The constitutional changes made by milosovic ILLEGALLY in what was Yugoslavia... EXIST TO THIS DAY in the republic of serbia. Are you so dull of mind that you are not able to understand that? I dont think you are, so i am left to assume that you just uncomfortable with the fact that serbia and serbs today continue to support and defend that wich milosovic created politically. obviously you will only have the craziest of nutbags in serbia who applaud the violence...and it is not indicitative of the majority. But his politics? for god's sake man he authored its constitution... You seem to react as though its slanderous that i would i say that. But its the reality, it's not my fault.

again... if you have something to argue on those points, do so. Do not insult anyones intelligence by pretending you cannot see the distinction i am, and have been making. You seem to want to believe that by decrying milosovics violent actions, you are also decrying his politics... but you are not.

I am not saying serbs cheered as milosovic attacked civilians. I am saying that when milosovic re-authored the Yugoslavian Constitution to remove kosovo's constitutional powers and representation yes, serbs cheered wholeheartedly. There was no dissent.

and there you have your Real problem with me. It's pretty hard to cast serbia as having been helpless before milosovic, when they put him in power for his politics in the first place. The other part of the real problem you have with what ive said.... is the politcs of milosovic are not up for debate, they are facts. All you or anyone has to do is compare what the yugoslav constituion was pre and post milosovic. And the simple fact that serbia and serbs Loved every single change he took it upon himself to decree.

The question then becomes How could he have enacted those changes and took control over kosovo other than the use of force? How did milosovic and serbia expect the other republics react? this is all pre-war choices, no mass graves or ethnic cleasing to speak of. No other republics declared independence yet. Nothing for you to pretend to be impartial over. what do You N. Jovanovic, a self proclaimed non-serb, non serb-apologist , think serbia and the average serb had in mind when they embraced slobo's politics that literally sought to give dominion over yugoslavia to serbia?

hm? hmm? hmmm?

ah, Thats the uncomfortable dirty little secret that prompts you to respond with dishonesty, evasiveness.and other verbal vomit. You do in fact come to the same conclusion, Serbia and Serbs alone are directly responsible for the Destruction of Yugoslavia. And that ticks you off.

George
Wed Sep 23 2009 05:03
To say that Serbs caused the break-up of Yugoslavia is pathetic. The independence movements in Slovenia, Croatia, BiH were not organised by Serbs but by Slovenes, Croatians, and Bosnian Muslims an Croatians in the case of BiH.

Serbs re-acted and overreacted in some cases but they did not start the break-up of Yugoslavia. It is a shame that Tudjman and Izetbegovic and Rugova died of cancer as all three should have jailed the same cell as Milosevic.

Nobody in the recent Balkan wars has clean hands and graves are full on all sides and nobody has the monopoly on violence inflicted on the other side. If one looks at who was to gain from supporting these independence movements one should perhaps have a look at NATO and other Western nations who stood to gain financially from selling weaponry and by signing business contacts during and after the war.

With the Warsaw Pact no longer existent and the USSR broken up and Russia weak, how could one justify the multi-billion dollar budget that NATO requires in order to keep peace? How about the multi-billion dollar contracts signed with the defence industries and the hundreds of thousands of jobs associated with it?

Bush had the same idea by trying to get Ukraine and Georgia into NATO and by the talk of positioning radars and missiles in the Czech Republic and Poland in order to “knock down Iranian missiles”.
The Serbs are just as much victims as other people of the former Yugoslavia in this game played by the major world powers. The reason that Serbs could kill larger numbers was because they had the most guns. This eventually changed when the West eventually started sending weapons to the Croats and later to the Bosnian Muslims (despite the UN sanctions that were in place at that time) and by supplying weapons and training to the KLA who were on the list of organised criminal organisations right up to the time that the West decided that they needed to put a base into the southern Balkans in order to facilitate their march east.

N. Jovanovic
Wed Sep 23 2009 03:54
Dear Your Name (Adam?),

Claiming that you carefully worded your previous comment so as to not provide Serb apologists with readymade excuses does not mean that either of your comments were carefully worded at all. Case in point:

"And supported to this day. every single Serb civilian and politician embraces what was created by sloban milosovic."

Every single Serb civilian and politician? Although your comments do show that you have some knowledge of the happenings in former Yugoslavia, you're an idiot to make such sweeping statements. Though I would not usually resort to name calling, such a preposterous accusation is beyond any kind of reasoning. You are showing the naivety and idiocy clearly still present in allegations made both about Serbs and all of the neighboring countries. I am a Serb and neither I, nor anyone in my family, has ever supported Milosevic. No one denies his wrongdoings, but they refused to be held accountable for them then and especially now, years after the man has died!

I also stated that the ARTICLE was about Kosovo. I haven't read the book and so cannot make any statement about its content.

As for a previous 'Your Name', the EU is withholding membership precisely because war criminals in Serbia have not been brought to justice, but how dare you suggest that all Serbs are in support of them? They led to the deaths of many people, Serbs included, and their whereabouts would gladly be made public by many Serbs if they knew where they were.

Who wants the atrocities of the 90s repeated? Nobody. Yet, so many people are more than willing to continue the hatred that spurred it in the first place.

The states are independent of one another now, keep your interactions to Eurovision voting and be done with it.

Your name
Tue Sep 22 2009 23:47
@N. Jovanovic

I am afraid Slobodan Milosovic and Serbia and serbs in general Are in fact interchangeable.

dissent for slobodan milosvics actions was NON-EXISTENT in and out of serbia. Remember that slobodan milosovic was not the "Worst" of the serb nationalists bunch in what was yugoslavia. he was frighteningly enough considered a moderate. The only criticism milosovic faced was not going far enough.

To be clear, i am not saying that serbs eat not serb children or any such thing to give them a bad name for lack of argument. The violence that serbs and serbia try very hard to distance themselves from today regarding milsovic... does not change the reality that the political actions that milosovic undertook was wholeheartedly supported.

And supported to this day. every single Serb civilian and politician embraces what was created by sloban milosovic. It is called the Constitution of the republic of Serbia.

as I mentioned previously... Milosovic attmpted to use the stolen federal representation on powers againts the rest of yugoslavia.... it obviously failed.
when yugoslavia began to break apart, and Milosovic then sat himself as president of yugoslavia and not just serbia... he then went a ahead and re-authored the yugoslavian constituion to Reflect What he did illegally and through force to Kosovo.

Serbia and serbs in general did not make so much as a peep. And today, In as much as Serbia and serbs suddenly wish to disavow slobodan milosovic, The attitude and they way they continue to insist on approaching Kosovo is EXACTLY that as envisioned by slobodan Milosovic.... the so-called constitution of the suddenly democratic republic serbia waves around today, is as far kosovo is concerned...exactly what was authored by a madman.

And to be absolutely Clear.... where you say.... "many Serbs are well aware of the wrongdoings of Milosevic and in no way condone his contribution to the breakdown of the former Yugoslav Republic as well as countless crimes committed by this man."

you are wrong. and you are being intentionally Deceptive and dishonest.
Every political action taken by milosovic especially in regards to kosovo, was Approved and Cheered by serbia and serbs. There was no dissent. None. It simply did not exist in any way shape or form. His actions were not a surprise, they were political promises.

Yes... when the violence came to light, there was the immediate condemnation for it, as there was for bosnia, croatia etc.. But for the Political Actions wich is what i focused on, that wich precipitated the violence. No. there was nothing but support before, after and now. as i said, all you need to do is read serbias constituion as authored by the madman.

---------------------------

I find it interesting that you choose to reply to my comment by saying "You can all keep arguing yourselves about who killed how many but ultimately..."
I made it a POINT not to mention such a thing so as not to provide a serb apologist "a way out" of attempting to defend or explain milosovics political actions. It really seems to me, that despite all the cries of unfairness towards serbs regarding the violence that occurred. Who killed who is precisely what is preferred rather than admitting that milosovics political legacy is alive and well today. its much much easier to demonize everyone...including the victims... to equalize the madness. why that way, the political actions that caused it all is justified isnt it?

but even that fails. Serbia is the ONLY COMMON DENOMINATOR throughout all of the violence the last few decades in the balkans, across ALL ethnic, racial, and religious lines. It is a difficult thing for serb apologists acknowledge let alone argue. but it is fact. And in as much as serbs today will admit that "it was war", it must also be said that Serbia proper itself saw NO violence whatsoever throughout it all. NONE. They happily exported their violence to their former neighbors until Nato came along.

There are Seven New countries formed out of what yugoslavia was. Escape from Serbia is again, the only common denominator of them all.

that is not a coincidence. Serbia and Serbs alone are directly responsible for the Destruction of Yugoslavia.

-----------------------------

also N. Jovanovic , you say " Not to mention that the book is not about America's role in the 'destruction of Yugoslavia', but rather that of the Kosovo war." I'm afraid you missed the second paragraph of the article above.

New Jersey
Tue Sep 22 2009 21:58
After what that did in Kosovo, I cannot fathom how serbs still hope that somehow Kosovo will still choose to be part of Serbia. Are you kidding me????? They have to be smarter than that don't you think?
rob
Tue Sep 22 2009 21:31
It has to be remembered that while Milosevic was a bad guy he was also dealing with extreemists. Remember that Osama was there and even had a bosnian passport. In hindsight of the US attack by Osama, the actions of Milosevic seem appropriate.

Regarding camp bondsteel - I think the US reserve units keep rotating through there.

Hopefully, this issue with Kosovo will get resolved with the upcomming ICC decision on the legality of Kosovo independence. It will be a sad day if they become a country.

Liz
Tue Sep 22 2009 14:43
Nameless: So, Camp Bondsteel is a 'bunch of plywood shacks', or so you say. Who/How were you granted access there to see the 'shacks'? Since you present yourself as being quite informed, when does US plan to close Bondsteel?
Your name
Tue Sep 22 2009 13:52
Serbians come from Rusia longtime ago and they way they got rid of the people living in these lands was through extermination of people living there. It is normal for serbians to kill women kids and so on they have been doing these for generation. My grandfather use to tell me how the Serbians would cut a pregnet albanian woman to see if the kid was a male or female while she was still alive. Just the fact the Extrime similarity of the language to Rusian language shows where they are from. Any Serbian would see nothing wrong with what took place in Kosovo and Bosnia etc but the fact remains that none of the criminals have been brought to justice they are hold as heros in Serbia they have full imunity. Fact Albanian Americans were excuted under the police custody in Serbia and the criminals walked free. Serbia and their people is stuck back on the stone age where they kill and rape and still what ever they can if it wasnt for USA and some EU members. Serbia should not be part of EU until they have brought these criminals to justice. Who ever say anything different is an ignorant or has political agenda period and because of that Serbia have been continuing to comit crimes over and over and over again for generations even in our Era in middle of Europe as crazy as this sounds is sadly true.
Your name
Tue Sep 22 2009 13:47
what a bunch of delusional, self-satisfied and conveniently forgetful postings about the "innocence" of the "poor Serbs." how easy to forget Miolosevic's deliberate exploitation of Serbian nationalism to retain his hold on power at any cost. a policy which was founded at Kosovo Polje and seen thru to its logical and murderous end with the attempt to drive a million innocent people out of their homes and country. this is revisionism at its best - or rather worst. as to Liz's question about Camp Bondsteel it's a bunch of half-abandoned plywood shacks. but of course you won't believe that. much more fun to speculate about the super-secret center of some vast, diabolic international base. but if that's the case, why did the americans never build a runway?
Liz
Tue Sep 22 2009 11:43
It's now 2009, and USA's huge Camp Bondsteel is still firmly entrenched in Kosovo. What is its real purpose?
N. Jovanovic
Tue Sep 22 2009 02:15
Adam, could you clarify - was it Serbia or was it Slobodan Milosevic? The two are not interchangeable. Not to mention that the book is not about America's role in the 'destruction of Yugoslavia', but rather that of the Kosovo war.

Just as the entire population of the US did not support the actions of the Bush administration and just as the entire population of the US does not currently support the actions of Obama's administration, many Serbs are well aware of the wrongdoings of Milosevic and in no way condone his contribution to the breakdown of the former Yugoslav Republic as well as countless crimes committed by this man.

The sheer fact that this has received more comments on this site than just about any other article is representative of the hostility that still exists. Anyone who wants to solely blame Serbia or Croatia or Bosnia or any other country of former Yugoslavia should be ashamed of themselves. The people of these countries were not operating as an entity and that's why they're all in a state of disrepair today, even though many represent similar cultural values, speak the same language etc.

You can all keep arguing yourselves about who killed how many but ultimately, it was a WAR. ALL sides committed crimes, ALL sides killed women and children, ALL sides have to reconcile themselves with it. It was in the past and people need to stop passing this shameful hate on to their children so that we can all get on with our lives.

This article was about America's role in the Kosovo war and yet many are using it as a way to simply blast other countries. Presumably everyone commenting on this is currently living in the United States and it is not the place for your finger-pointing politics. You've come to America to be granted opportunities that the former Yugoslav countries cannot offer. If you want to carry on the hating, go back to the Balkans - people didn't come here to be attacked for the mistakes of previous generations.

Truth seeker
Tue Sep 22 2009 01:51
It is amazing how Albanians feel the need to tell us their version of history every time the disagree with someone's point of view. Hey, this man obviously knows history. He is an educated person who does not need you to tell him your revised version of history.
Believe it or not but some people actually have a brain and use it to research the war in Yugoslavia from more sources than CNN or BBC.

Thank God for people who are brave enough to go against the accepted propaganda version of how things went then. Now that some pioneers have paved the way more people are doubting what they heard on CNN and read in mainstream media and are looking for the truth.

Adam
Tue Sep 22 2009 01:19
for anyone to blame anyone other the Serbia for the destruction of Yugoslavia... let alone the US for "making it worse" is an insult to ones intelligence.

when Slobodan Milosovic then president of Serbia...not Yugoslavia (they are not interchangeable) removed Kosovo's and Vojvodina's Federal Yugoslav Powers and Representation, wich were the Equal to the of Serbia and the other Yugoslav republics.... he didnt simply "remove" it... he and serbia had no such authority to do so.

what he did, was co-opt it through force, in an attempt to USE it's powers within yugoslavia along side serbias own, againts the other republics who all made up yugoslavia and shared Equal powers. Slobodan milosovic's Theft of these federal powers with the absolute approval of serbs within and without serbia itself. is PRECISELY what caused Yugoslavias break up.

all those balkan groups may have all been crazy nationalists, full of hate for one another, call them ALL whatever you wish to assuree yourselves that you are not taking sides. again it must be said, It was absolutely and without question slobodan milsovic and Serbia ALONE who took the very first, very real Grab at power at an attempt to Dominate everything that Yugoslavia. Not kosovo, bosnia,croatia etc..

It is beyond stupidity to attempt to place blame the on the US, Europe, the west, Nato or whatever it is you really wish to make a statement against... for yugolsavia's breakup without simultaneously claiming that if a madman on behalf of an ethnic group uses force to attempt to steal/erase/rewrite the constitutional rights and representation in the country in wich you live... you should do nothing. Because that is exactly what you are saying if you attempt to shift responsibility for yugoslavias breakup away from Serbia.

there was no justification legally or morally for Serbias actions... It was an attempted theft of a nation with nationalistic mythology as a motivation. That blame lies squarely on Serbia and serbs is not "anti-serb" propapanda... serbia and serbs cheered it wholeheartedly. And they were willing to kill to achieve it.

Any discussion of Yugoslavias breakup, that does not identify, acknowledge, discuss the very real and Obvious political actions that literally caused yugoslavias destruction.... but instead focuses on the reactions and aftermath of that cause.

is an intellectual contempt for the truth.

argue against international intervention. argue againts nato. argue against US. argue whatever you wish.

But Serbia and Serbs alone are directly responsible for the Destruction of Yugoslavia.

Toni
Tue Sep 22 2009 00:24
Albanians were powerful in Gjergj Kastriotis time (skanderbeg) but they never killed women and children, not like serbs, serbs are good at killing innocent, unborn children, old people, women, they did that through out history.
The war was more then justified.

This is for the Jew (Abra) did you feel shame for what was talked about Hitler, he was not bad, killed women and children, what is wrong with that, "nothing" same happen in Yugoslavia but in different way and not as much as in Hitler time. thank you to god and USA some tirans get what they deserve.

Your name
Mon Sep 21 2009 23:58
Ian you stated this

Ian Mon Sep 21 2009 09:03 @ Stella. Are you from Serbia hun? How are you not ashamed to be saying, 40 000, 100 000, whether 40 000 or 250 000 those are all inoccent people, like the garves we have seen in bosnia

Ian, what does it matter where Stella is from? Are you saying that her opinion is any less valid than yours if she comes from Serbia? That's very arrogant of you.
Have you seen graves of the Serbs in Croatia, Kosovo and Bosnia? I can ask you the same question. Do you think that somehow Muslim lives are woth more? Many Serbs were massacred too and not all Muslims were killed by the Serbs. Some were killed by the Croatians and even their own Muslims who were not fighting on their side. Perhaps you should educate yourself a bit more on what happened there. It is not clear cut as you would like to portay it to be.

Abra
Mon Sep 21 2009 23:27
Professor Gibbs,

hat down for your intellectual and scientific honesty and courage to publish the facts and not propaganda. As a Jew I feel a huge shame for all those promotion hungry American Jews who spread the anti Serbian propaganda.

too bad
Mon Sep 21 2009 23:24
This is a perfect example of useless publishing. Lies, illusions and propaganda, is that what you studied Mr. Author? Great job, you are truly an expert in all three. Oh yah, sleeping with a Serbian lady will always get your wires crossed, in the wrong direction :)
borich
Mon Sep 21 2009 18:21
mr. dorich, who gives a damn about the churches in Kosova. what a dumb fact to bring forth. serbs and Tito and Miloshevich were and are communist. if serbs were religious people, the killings that they committed in Croatia, Bosnia, and Kosova, should have never happened.
So, dorich and Co. realize that Kosova has been, is, and will always belong to Albanians. It's their land.
Angelica
Mon Sep 21 2009 18:02
Everyone knows that US imperialism was behind this "war." Clinton and Bush are the two worst presidents in history. Seems that Obama is following in their footsteps.

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